postgresql-docker.md 32 KB

centos7下使用docker安装postgresql服务(带plpython3u扩展)

安装docker (使用root用户)

1. 更新yum
    yum update
2. 安装必要的依赖
    yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
3. 设置yum源(二选一)
    yum-config-manager --add-repo http://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo(中央仓库)
    yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo(阿里仓库)

4. 查看仓库中docker版本
    yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
5. 安装docker
    yum install docker-ce-版本号
    (例如: yum install docker-ce-18.03.1.ce)
6. 启动docker并将docker加入开机启动
    1). systemctl start docker
    2). systemctl enable docker

7. docker帮助
    docker --help
    docker 命令 --help

创建镜像

1. 创建临时工作目录

    cd ~ && mkdir dockerTemp && cd dockerTemp

2. 拷贝docker-entrypoint.sh 和 Dockerfile进临时工作目录
    (文件名大小写敏感, docker-entrypoint.sh 需要有可执行权限, chmod 777 docker-entrypoint.sh)

pg001

docker-entrypoint.sh 内容
#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -Eeo pipefail
# TODO swap to -Eeuo pipefail above (after handling all potentially-unset variables)

# usage: file_env VAR [DEFAULT]
#    ie: file_env 'XYZ_DB_PASSWORD' 'example'
# (will allow for "$XYZ_DB_PASSWORD_FILE" to fill in the value of
#  "$XYZ_DB_PASSWORD" from a file, especially for Docker's secrets feature)
file_env() {
    local var="$1"
    local fileVar="${var}_FILE"
    local def="${2:-}"
    if [ "${!var:-}" ] && [ "${!fileVar:-}" ]; then
        echo >&2 "error: both $var and $fileVar are set (but are exclusive)"
        exit 1
    fi
    local val="$def"
    if [ "${!var:-}" ]; then
        val="${!var}"
    elif [ "${!fileVar:-}" ]; then
        val="$(< "${!fileVar}")"
    fi
    export "$var"="$val"
    unset "$fileVar"
}

# check to see if this file is being run or sourced from another script
_is_sourced() {
    # https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/215279
    [ "${#FUNCNAME[@]}" -ge 2 ] \
        && [ "${FUNCNAME[0]}" = '_is_sourced' ] \
        && [ "${FUNCNAME[1]}" = 'source' ]
}

# used to create initial postgres directories and if run as root, ensure ownership to the "postgres" user
docker_create_db_directories() {
    local user; user="$(id -u)"

    mkdir -p "$PGDATA"
    chmod 700 "$PGDATA"

    # ignore failure since it will be fine when using the image provided directory; see also https://github.com/docker-library/postgres/pull/289
    mkdir -p /var/run/postgresql || :
    chmod 775 /var/run/postgresql || :

    # Create the transaction log directory before initdb is run so the directory is owned by the correct user
    if [ -n "$POSTGRES_INITDB_WALDIR" ]; then
        mkdir -p "$POSTGRES_INITDB_WALDIR"
        if [ "$user" = '0' ]; then
            find "$POSTGRES_INITDB_WALDIR" \! -user postgres -exec chown postgres '{}' +
        fi
        chmod 700 "$POSTGRES_INITDB_WALDIR"
    fi

    # allow the container to be started with `--user`
    if [ "$user" = '0' ]; then
        find "$PGDATA" \! -user postgres -exec chown postgres '{}' +
        find /var/run/postgresql \! -user postgres -exec chown postgres '{}' +
    fi
}

# initialize empty PGDATA directory with new database via 'initdb'
# arguments to `initdb` can be passed via POSTGRES_INITDB_ARGS or as arguments to this function
# `initdb` automatically creates the "postgres", "template0", and "template1" dbnames
# this is also where the database user is created, specified by `POSTGRES_USER` env
docker_init_database_dir() {
    # "initdb" is particular about the current user existing in "/etc/passwd", so we use "nss_wrapper" to fake that if necessary
    # see https://github.com/docker-library/postgres/pull/253, https://github.com/docker-library/postgres/issues/359, https://cwrap.org/nss_wrapper.html
    if ! getent passwd "$(id -u)" &> /dev/null && [ -e /usr/lib/libnss_wrapper.so ]; then
        export LD_PRELOAD='/usr/lib/libnss_wrapper.so'
        export NSS_WRAPPER_PASSWD="$(mktemp)"
        export NSS_WRAPPER_GROUP="$(mktemp)"
        echo "postgres:x:$(id -u):$(id -g):PostgreSQL:$PGDATA:/bin/false" > "$NSS_WRAPPER_PASSWD"
        echo "postgres:x:$(id -g):" > "$NSS_WRAPPER_GROUP"
    fi

    if [ -n "$POSTGRES_INITDB_WALDIR" ]; then
        set -- --waldir "$POSTGRES_INITDB_WALDIR" "$@"
    fi

    eval 'initdb --username="$POSTGRES_USER" --pwfile=<(echo "$POSTGRES_PASSWORD") '"$POSTGRES_INITDB_ARGS"' "$@"'

    # unset/cleanup "nss_wrapper" bits
    if [ "${LD_PRELOAD:-}" = '/usr/lib/libnss_wrapper.so' ]; then
        rm -f "$NSS_WRAPPER_PASSWD" "$NSS_WRAPPER_GROUP"
        unset LD_PRELOAD NSS_WRAPPER_PASSWD NSS_WRAPPER_GROUP
    fi
}

# print large warning if POSTGRES_PASSWORD is long
# error if both POSTGRES_PASSWORD is empty and POSTGRES_HOST_AUTH_METHOD is not 'trust'
# print large warning if POSTGRES_HOST_AUTH_METHOD is set to 'trust'
# assumes database is not set up, ie: [ -z "$DATABASE_ALREADY_EXISTS" ]
docker_verify_minimum_env() {
    # check password first so we can output the warning before postgres
    # messes it up
    if [ "${#POSTGRES_PASSWORD}" -ge 100 ]; then
        cat >&2 <<-'EOWARN'

            WARNING: The supplied POSTGRES_PASSWORD is 100+ characters.

              This will not work if used via PGPASSWORD with "psql".

              https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/E1Rqxp2-0004Qt-PL%40wrigleys.postgresql.org (BUG #6412)
              https://github.com/docker-library/postgres/issues/507

        EOWARN
    fi
    if [ -z "$POSTGRES_PASSWORD" ] && [ 'trust' != "$POSTGRES_HOST_AUTH_METHOD" ]; then
        # The - option suppresses leading tabs but *not* spaces. :)
        cat >&2 <<-'EOE'
            Error: Database is uninitialized and superuser password is not specified.
                   You must specify POSTGRES_PASSWORD to a non-empty value for the
                   superuser. For example, "-e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=password" on "docker run".

                   You may also use "POSTGRES_HOST_AUTH_METHOD=trust" to allow all
                   connections without a password. This is *not* recommended.

                   See PostgreSQL documentation about "trust":
                   https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/auth-trust.html
        EOE
        exit 1
    fi
    if [ 'trust' = "$POSTGRES_HOST_AUTH_METHOD" ]; then
        cat >&2 <<-'EOWARN'
            ********************************************************************************
            WARNING: POSTGRES_HOST_AUTH_METHOD has been set to "trust". This will allow
                     anyone with access to the Postgres port to access your database without
                     a password, even if POSTGRES_PASSWORD is set. See PostgreSQL
                     documentation about "trust":
                     https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/auth-trust.html
                     In Docker's default configuration, this is effectively any other
                     container on the same system.

                     It is not recommended to use POSTGRES_HOST_AUTH_METHOD=trust. Replace
                     it with "-e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=password" instead to set a password in
                     "docker run".
            ********************************************************************************
        EOWARN
    fi
}

# usage: docker_process_init_files [file [file [...]]]
#    ie: docker_process_init_files /always-initdb.d/*
# process initializer files, based on file extensions and permissions
docker_process_init_files() {
    # psql here for backwards compatiblilty "${psql[@]}"
    psql=( docker_process_sql )

    echo
    local f
    for f; do
        case "$f" in
            *.sh)
                # https://github.com/docker-library/postgres/issues/450#issuecomment-393167936
                # https://github.com/docker-library/postgres/pull/452
                if [ -x "$f" ]; then
                    echo "$0: running $f"
                    "$f"
                else
                    echo "$0: sourcing $f"
                    . "$f"
                fi
                ;;
            *.sql)    echo "$0: running $f"; docker_process_sql -f "$f"; echo ;;
            *.sql.gz) echo "$0: running $f"; gunzip -c "$f" | docker_process_sql; echo ;;
            *.sql.xz) echo "$0: running $f"; xzcat "$f" | docker_process_sql; echo ;;
            *)        echo "$0: ignoring $f" ;;
        esac
        echo
    done
}

# Execute sql script, passed via stdin (or -f flag of pqsl)
# usage: docker_process_sql [psql-cli-args]
#    ie: docker_process_sql --dbname=mydb <<<'INSERT ...'
#    ie: docker_process_sql -f my-file.sql
#    ie: docker_process_sql <my-file.sql
docker_process_sql() {
    local query_runner=( psql -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 --username "$POSTGRES_USER" --no-password )
    if [ -n "$POSTGRES_DB" ]; then
        query_runner+=( --dbname "$POSTGRES_DB" )
    fi

    "${query_runner[@]}" "$@"
}

# create initial database
# uses environment variables for input: POSTGRES_DB
docker_setup_db() {
    if [ "$POSTGRES_DB" != 'postgres' ]; then
        POSTGRES_DB= docker_process_sql --dbname postgres --set db="$POSTGRES_DB" <<-'EOSQL'
            CREATE DATABASE :"db" ;
        EOSQL
        echo
    fi
}

# Loads various settings that are used elsewhere in the script
# This should be called before any other functions
docker_setup_env() {
    file_env 'POSTGRES_PASSWORD'

    file_env 'POSTGRES_USER' 'postgres'
    file_env 'POSTGRES_DB' "$POSTGRES_USER"
    file_env 'POSTGRES_INITDB_ARGS'
    # default authentication method is md5
    : "${POSTGRES_HOST_AUTH_METHOD:=md5}"

    declare -g DATABASE_ALREADY_EXISTS
    # look specifically for PG_VERSION, as it is expected in the DB dir
    if [ -s "$PGDATA/PG_VERSION" ]; then
        DATABASE_ALREADY_EXISTS='true'
    fi
}

# append POSTGRES_HOST_AUTH_METHOD to pg_hba.conf for "host" connections
pg_setup_hba_conf() {
    {
        echo
        if [ 'trust' = "$POSTGRES_HOST_AUTH_METHOD" ]; then
            echo '# warning trust is enabled for all connections'
            echo '# see https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/auth-trust.html'
        fi
        echo "host all all all $POSTGRES_HOST_AUTH_METHOD"
    } >> "$PGDATA/pg_hba.conf"
}

# start socket-only postgresql server for setting up or running scripts
# all arguments will be passed along as arguments to `postgres` (via pg_ctl)
docker_temp_server_start() {
    if [ "$1" = 'postgres' ]; then
        shift
    fi

    # internal start of server in order to allow setup using psql client
    # does not listen on external TCP/IP and waits until start finishes
    set -- "$@" -c listen_addresses='' -p "${PGPORT:-5432}"

    PGUSER="${PGUSER:-$POSTGRES_USER}" \
    pg_ctl -D "$PGDATA" \
        -o "$(printf '%q ' "$@")" \
        -w start
}

# stop postgresql server after done setting up user and running scripts
docker_temp_server_stop() {
    PGUSER="${PGUSER:-postgres}" \
    pg_ctl -D "$PGDATA" -m fast -w stop
}

# check arguments for an option that would cause postgres to stop
# return true if there is one
_pg_want_help() {
    local arg
    for arg; do
        case "$arg" in
            # postgres --help | grep 'then exit'
            # leaving out -C on purpose since it always fails and is unhelpful:
            # postgres: could not access the server configuration file "/var/lib/postgresql/data/postgresql.conf": No such file or directory
            -'?'|--help|--describe-config|-V|--version)
                return 0
                ;;
        esac
    done
    return 1
}

_main() {
    # if first arg looks like a flag, assume we want to run postgres server
    if [ "${1:0:1}" = '-' ]; then
        set -- postgres "$@"
    fi

    if [ "$1" = 'postgres' ] && ! _pg_want_help "$@"; then
        docker_setup_env
        # setup data directories and permissions (when run as root)
        docker_create_db_directories
        if [ "$(id -u)" = '0' ]; then
            # then restart script as postgres user
            exec gosu postgres "$BASH_SOURCE" "$@"
        fi

        # only run initialization on an empty data directory
        if [ -z "$DATABASE_ALREADY_EXISTS" ]; then
            docker_verify_minimum_env

            # check dir permissions to reduce likelihood of half-initialized database
            ls /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/ > /dev/null

            docker_init_database_dir
            pg_setup_hba_conf

            # PGPASSWORD is required for psql when authentication is required for 'local' connections via pg_hba.conf and is otherwise harmless
            # e.g. when '--auth=md5' or '--auth-local=md5' is used in POSTGRES_INITDB_ARGS
            export PGPASSWORD="${PGPASSWORD:-$POSTGRES_PASSWORD}"
            docker_temp_server_start "$@"

            docker_setup_db
            docker_process_init_files /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/*

            docker_temp_server_stop
            unset PGPASSWORD

            echo
            echo 'PostgreSQL init process complete; ready for start up.'
            echo
        else
            echo
            echo 'PostgreSQL Database directory appears to contain a database; Skipping initialization'
            echo
        fi
    fi

    exec "$@"
}

if ! _is_sourced; then
    _main "$@"
fi

Dockerfile 内容
# FROM debian:buster-slim AS BASE1



FROM buildpack-deps:buster

# ensure local python is preferred over distribution python
ENV PATH /usr/local/bin:$PATH

# http://bugs.python.org/issue19846
# > At the moment, setting "LANG=C" on a Linux system *fundamentally breaks Python 3*, and that's not OK.
ENV LANG C.UTF-8

# extra dependencies (over what buildpack-deps already includes)
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
        libbluetooth-dev \
        tk-dev \
        uuid-dev \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

ENV GPG_KEY 0D96DF4D4110E5C43FBFB17F2D347EA6AA65421D
ENV PYTHON_VERSION 3.7.7

RUN set -ex \
    \
    && wget -O python.tar.xz "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION%%[a-z]*}/Python-$PYTHON_VERSION.tar.xz" \
    && wget -O python.tar.xz.asc "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION%%[a-z]*}/Python-$PYTHON_VERSION.tar.xz.asc" \
    && export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)" \
    && gpg --batch --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$GPG_KEY" \
    && gpg --batch --verify python.tar.xz.asc python.tar.xz \
    && { command -v gpgconf > /dev/null && gpgconf --kill all || :; } \
    && rm -rf "$GNUPGHOME" python.tar.xz.asc \
    && mkdir -p /usr/src/python \
    && tar -xJC /usr/src/python --strip-components=1 -f python.tar.xz \
    && rm python.tar.xz \
    \
    && cd /usr/src/python \
    && gnuArch="$(dpkg-architecture --query DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE)" \
    && ./configure \
        --build="$gnuArch" \
        --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions \
        --enable-optimizations \
        --enable-option-checking=fatal \
        --enable-shared \
        --with-system-expat \
        --with-system-ffi \
        --without-ensurepip \
    && make -j "$(nproc)" \
# setting PROFILE_TASK makes "--enable-optimizations" reasonable: https://bugs.python.org/issue36044 / https://github.com/docker-library/python/issues/160#issuecomment-509426916
        PROFILE_TASK='-m test.regrtest --pgo \
            test_array \
            test_base64 \
            test_binascii \
            test_binhex \
            test_binop \
            test_bytes \
            test_c_locale_coercion \
            test_class \
            test_cmath \
            test_codecs \
            test_compile \
            test_complex \
            test_csv \
            test_decimal \
            test_dict \
            test_float \
            test_fstring \
            test_hashlib \
            test_io \
            test_iter \
            test_json \
            test_long \
            test_math \
            test_memoryview \
            test_pickle \
            test_re \
            test_set \
            test_slice \
            test_struct \
            test_threading \
            test_time \
            test_traceback \
            test_unicode \
        ' \
    && make install \
    && ldconfig \
    \
    && find /usr/local -depth \
        \( \
            \( -type d -a \( -name test -o -name tests -o -name idle_test \) \) \
            -o \
            \( -type f -a \( -name '*.pyc' -o -name '*.pyo' \) \) \
        \) -exec rm -rf '{}' + \
    && rm -rf /usr/src/python \
    \
    && python3 --version

# make some useful symlinks that are expected to exist
RUN cd /usr/local/bin \
    && ln -s idle3 idle \
    && ln -s pydoc3 pydoc \
    && ln -s python3 python \
    && ln -s python3-config python-config

# if this is called "PIP_VERSION", pip explodes with "ValueError: invalid truth value '<VERSION>'"
ENV PYTHON_PIP_VERSION 20.1.1
# https://github.com/pypa/get-pip
ENV PYTHON_GET_PIP_URL https://github.com/pypa/get-pip/raw/eff16c878c7fd6b688b9b4c4267695cf1a0bf01b/get-pip.py
ENV PYTHON_GET_PIP_SHA256 b3153ec0cf7b7bbf9556932aa37e4981c35dc2a2c501d70d91d2795aa532be79

RUN set -ex; \
    \
    wget -O get-pip.py "$PYTHON_GET_PIP_URL"; \
    echo "$PYTHON_GET_PIP_SHA256 *get-pip.py" | sha256sum --check --strict -; \
    \
    python get-pip.py \
        --disable-pip-version-check \
        --no-cache-dir \
        "pip==$PYTHON_PIP_VERSION" \
    ; \
    pip --version; \
    \
    find /usr/local -depth \
        \( \
            \( -type d -a \( -name test -o -name tests -o -name idle_test \) \) \
            -o \
            \( -type f -a \( -name '*.pyc' -o -name '*.pyo' \) \) \
        \) -exec rm -rf '{}' +; \
    rm -f get-pip.py

RUN pip3 install shapely -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple \
    && pip3 install matplotlib -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple \
    && pip3 install short-text-sim -i http://dev.dp.sagacloud.cn:8082/repository/saga-pypi-group/simple --trusted-host dev.dp.sagacloud.cn \
    && pip3 install numpy -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple \
    && pip3 install vg -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple \
    && pip3 install networkx -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple \
    && pip3 install jieba -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple \
    && cd /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages \
    && git clone http://39.106.8.246:3003/chenhaiyang/relations.git


# CMD ["python3"]


# FROM debian:buster-slim

RUN set -ex; \
    if ! command -v gpg > /dev/null; then \
        apt-get update; \
        apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
            gnupg \
            dirmngr \
        ; \
        rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \
    fi

# explicitly set user/group IDs
RUN set -eux; \
    groupadd -r postgres --gid=999; \
# https://salsa.debian.org/postgresql/postgresql-common/blob/997d842ee744687d99a2b2d95c1083a2615c79e8/debian/postgresql-common.postinst#L32-35
    useradd -r -g postgres --uid=999 --home-dir=/var/lib/postgresql --shell=/bin/bash postgres; \
# also create the postgres user's home directory with appropriate permissions
# see https://github.com/docker-library/postgres/issues/274
    mkdir -p /var/lib/postgresql; \
    chown -R postgres:postgres /var/lib/postgresql

# grab gosu for easy step-down from root
# https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases
ENV GOSU_VERSION 1.12
RUN set -eux; \
    savedAptMark="$(apt-mark showmanual)"; \
    apt-get update; \
    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ca-certificates wget; \
    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \
    dpkgArch="$(dpkg --print-architecture | awk -F- '{ print $NF }')"; \
    wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$dpkgArch"; \
    wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$dpkgArch.asc"; \
    export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)"; \
    gpg --batch --keyserver hkps://keys.openpgp.org --recv-keys B42F6819007F00F88E364FD4036A9C25BF357DD4; \
    gpg --batch --verify /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc /usr/local/bin/gosu; \
    gpgconf --kill all; \
    rm -rf "$GNUPGHOME" /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc; \
    apt-mark auto '.*' > /dev/null; \
    [ -z "$savedAptMark" ] || apt-mark manual $savedAptMark > /dev/null; \
    apt-get purge -y --auto-remove -o APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant=false; \
    chmod +x /usr/local/bin/gosu; \
    gosu --version; \
    gosu nobody true

# make the "en_US.UTF-8" locale so postgres will be utf-8 enabled by default
RUN set -eux; \
    if [ -f /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/docker ]; then \
# if this file exists, we're likely in "debian:xxx-slim", and locales are thus being excluded so we need to remove that exclusion (since we need locales)
        grep -q '/usr/share/locale' /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/docker; \
        sed -ri '/\/usr\/share\/locale/d' /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/docker; \
        ! grep -q '/usr/share/locale' /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/docker; \
    fi; \
    apt-get update; apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends locales; rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \
    localedef -i en_US -c -f UTF-8 -A /usr/share/locale/locale.alias en_US.UTF-8
ENV LANG en_US.utf8

RUN set -eux; \
    apt-get update; \
    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
# install "nss_wrapper" in case we need to fake "/etc/passwd" and "/etc/group" (especially for OpenShift)
# https://github.com/docker-library/postgres/issues/359
# https://cwrap.org/nss_wrapper.html
        libnss-wrapper \
# install "xz-utils" for .sql.xz docker-entrypoint-initdb.d files
        xz-utils \
    ; \
    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

RUN mkdir /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d

RUN set -ex; \
# pub   4096R/ACCC4CF8 2011-10-13 [expires: 2019-07-02]
#       Key fingerprint = B97B 0AFC AA1A 47F0 44F2  44A0 7FCC 7D46 ACCC 4CF8
# uid                  PostgreSQL Debian Repository
    key='B97B0AFCAA1A47F044F244A07FCC7D46ACCC4CF8'; \
    export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)"; \
    gpg --batch --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$key"; \
    gpg --batch --export "$key" > /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/postgres.gpg; \
    command -v gpgconf > /dev/null && gpgconf --kill all; \
    rm -rf "$GNUPGHOME"; \
    apt-key list

ENV PG_MAJOR 12
ENV PG_VERSION 12.3-1.pgdg100+1

RUN set -ex; \
    \
# see note below about "*.pyc" files
    export PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1; \
    \
    dpkgArch="$(dpkg --print-architecture)"; \
    case "$dpkgArch" in \
        amd64 | arm64 | i386 | ppc64el) \
# arches officialy built by upstream
            echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ buster-pgdg main $PG_MAJOR" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list; \
            apt-get update; \
            ;; \
        *) \
# we're on an architecture upstream doesn't officially build for
# let's build binaries from their published source packages
            echo "deb-src http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ buster-pgdg main $PG_MAJOR" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list; \
            \
            case "$PG_MAJOR" in \
                9.* | 10 ) ;; \
                *) \
# https://github.com/docker-library/postgres/issues/484 (clang-6.0 required, only available in stretch-backports)
# TODO remove this once we hit buster+
                    echo 'deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-backports main' >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list; \
                    ;; \
            esac; \
            \
            tempDir="$(mktemp -d)"; \
            cd "$tempDir"; \
            \
            savedAptMark="$(apt-mark showmanual)"; \
            \
# build .deb files from upstream's source packages (which are verified by apt-get)
            apt-get update; \
            apt-get build-dep -y \
                postgresql-common pgdg-keyring \
                "postgresql-$PG_MAJOR=$PG_VERSION" \
            ; \
            DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS="nocheck parallel=$(nproc)" \
                apt-get source --compile \
                    postgresql-common pgdg-keyring \
                    "postgresql-$PG_MAJOR=$PG_VERSION" \
            ; \
# we don't remove APT lists here because they get re-downloaded and removed later
            \
# reset apt-mark's "manual" list so that "purge --auto-remove" will remove all build dependencies
# (which is done after we install the built packages so we don't have to redownload any overlapping dependencies)
            apt-mark showmanual | xargs apt-mark auto > /dev/null; \
            apt-mark manual $savedAptMark; \
            \
# create a temporary local APT repo to install from (so that dependency resolution can be handled by APT, as it should be)
            ls -lAFh; \
            dpkg-scanpackages . > Packages; \
            grep '^Package: ' Packages; \
            echo "deb [ trusted=yes ] file://$tempDir ./" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/temp.list; \
# work around the following APT issue by using "Acquire::GzipIndexes=false" (overriding "/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-gzip-indexes")
#   Could not open file /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/_tmp_tmp.ODWljpQfkE_._Packages - open (13: Permission denied)
#   ...
#   E: Failed to fetch store:/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/_tmp_tmp.ODWljpQfkE_._Packages  Could not open file /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/_tmp_tmp.ODWljpQfkE_._Packages - open (13: Permission denied)
            apt-get -o Acquire::GzipIndexes=false update; \
            ;; \
    esac; \
    \
    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends postgresql-common; \
    sed -ri 's/#(create_main_cluster) .*$/\1 = false/' /etc/postgresql-common/createcluster.conf; \
    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
        "postgresql-$PG_MAJOR=$PG_VERSION" \
    ; \
    \
    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \
    \
    if [ -n "$tempDir" ]; then \
# if we have leftovers from building, let's purge them (including extra, unnecessary build deps)
        apt-get purge -y --auto-remove; \
        rm -rf "$tempDir" /etc/apt/sources.list.d/temp.list; \
    fi; \
    \
# some of the steps above generate a lot of "*.pyc" files (and setting "PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE" beforehand doesn't propagate properly for some reason), so we clean them up manually (as long as they aren't owned by a package)
    find /usr -name '*.pyc' -type f -exec bash -c 'for pyc; do dpkg -S "$pyc" &> /dev/null || rm -vf "$pyc"; done' -- '{}' +

# make the sample config easier to munge (and "correct by default")
RUN set -eux; \
    dpkg-divert --add --rename --divert "/usr/share/postgresql/postgresql.conf.sample.dpkg" "/usr/share/postgresql/$PG_MAJOR/postgresql.conf.sample"; \
    cp -v /usr/share/postgresql/postgresql.conf.sample.dpkg /usr/share/postgresql/postgresql.conf.sample; \
    ln -sv ../postgresql.conf.sample "/usr/share/postgresql/$PG_MAJOR/"; \
    sed -ri "s!^#?(listen_addresses)\s*=\s*\S+.*!\1 = '*'!" /usr/share/postgresql/postgresql.conf.sample; \
    grep -F "listen_addresses = '*'" /usr/share/postgresql/postgresql.conf.sample

RUN mkdir -p /var/run/postgresql && chown -R postgres:postgres /var/run/postgresql && chmod 2777 /var/run/postgresql

ENV PATH $PATH:/usr/lib/postgresql/$PG_MAJOR/bin
ENV PGDATA /var/lib/postgresql/data
# this 777 will be replaced by 700 at runtime (allows semi-arbitrary "--user" values)
RUN mkdir -p "$PGDATA" && chown -R postgres:postgres "$PGDATA" && chmod 777 "$PGDATA"
VOLUME /var/lib/postgresql/data

COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/
RUN ln -s usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh / # backwards compat
ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entrypoint.sh"]

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y "postgresql-plpython3-12"

# RUN echo 'CREATE EXTENSION plpythonu;' > /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/plpythonu.sql

EXPOSE 5432
CMD ["postgres"]

3. 文件内容说明
    1). docker-entrypoint.sh 是postgresql数据库的配置文件, 会拷贝到镜像内部使用
    2). Dockerfile是docker用来构建镜像的文件, 分为以下几个部分 
        1. 安装python3
        2. 安装python模块 vg, matplotlib, shapely, jieba, short-text-sim, networkx, numpy, git.sagacloud.cn上的算法包 
        3. 安装postgresql数据库
        4. 安装plpython3插件
以上是镜像文件构建的准备工作

构建镜像

1. 在dockerTemp临时工作目录内构建镜像
    docker build -t mypg:1 .
    其中-t是给镜像起个名字, mypg是名字, 2是版本号, 最后还有一个.表示基于当前目录进行构建镜像, 如果初次执行, 该命令耗时较长

运行镜像, 开启服务

1. 查看镜像
    docker images

pg002

2. 运行
    mkdir -p /var/lib/postgresql/data
    docker run -d -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=123456 --restart=on-failure:5 --name pg12 -v /var/lib/postgresql/data:/var/lib/postgresql/data -p 5432:5432 mypg:1 postgres

    -d表示后台执行 (容器有个特性, 如果你run容器时执行的命令结束的话, 容器则自动结束) 
    -e表示设置环境变量(此处为pg数据库密码)
    --restart=always 表示自动重启策略 (策略类型有 no, on-failure, unless-stopped, always)
    --name是给容器起一个名字pg12
    -p 表示端口映射(本机端口:容器端口)
    -v 表示文件夹映射(本机目录:容器目录)  此处表示postgresql的数据文件存放目录放在本机中, 即便换了容器, 数据也是不变
    postgres 表示开启容器后执行的命令(postgres表示开启postgresql数据库)
3. 检测
    docker ps         (查看当前运行中的容器 -a是查看所有)
    如下图所示, 服务已经开启, 可以测试连接数据库

pg003

查看pg数据库数据文件的映射(volumes 映射)

volumes文件映射的功能是让容器和本机的文件夹数据共享的机制
    docker inspect pg12 | grep Mounts -A 20

pg004

其他常用命令

1. 查看所有容器
    docker ps -a
2. 查看所有镜像
    docker images
3. 关闭容器, 开启容器
    docker start pg12
    docker stop pg12
4. 删除容器
    docker rm pg12  (需要先关闭容器)
    docker rm -f pg12  (强制删除)
5. 删除镜像
    docker rmi [镜像id]
6. 进入容器
    docker exec -it pg12 /bin/bash
    (帮助: docker exec --help)
7. 退出容器
    exit/quit
    ctrl + P + Q (不关闭当前进程)
8. 修改容器配置
    docker update --restart=always pg12    (设置容器的重启规则)
                  --restart=on-failure:5
9. Dockerfile  给镜像内文件增加文本
    sed -i '$a# comment' /etc/apt/sources.list      给/etc/apt/sources.list文件末尾追加 # comment

导出和载入镜像

镜像的导入和导出是方便镜像的分享和迁移, 如果服务器网路不好或者pull不下来镜像,只能在其它网路比较好的机器上pull下来
镜像,导出成一个文件,再下载上传到网路不好的机器上,然后再从文件中导出来,这样在网络不好的机器上也能使用docker镜像

1. 使用 docker images 找到需要导出的镜像
2. 导出镜像, 将镜像保存为文件 
    docker save 镜像id > /root/myimage.tar
3. 将镜像保存到另一台不能联网的服务器(需要安装过docker)上, 加载镜像
    docker load < /root/myimage.tar
4. (选作) 有可能在新服务器上不能识别镜像的tag(名称:版本), 需要执行
    docker tag 镜像id 名称:版本       (例如: docker tag eb40dcf64078 nginx:latest)